awesome-jsonschema

The official GitHub organization of the JSON Schema project

GitHub Discussions

The discussions page of JSON Schema

The official Slack workspace of JSON Schema

The JSON Schema tag in Stack Overflow

Test Suite

The official test suite for JSON Schema implementations

The Twitter account of the JSON Schema project

The JSON Schema official YouTube channel

(2022) - A tutorial on validating YAML documents using JSON Schema 2020-12

(2022) - A tutorial on validating HTTP request data using JSON Schema using the Architect Functional Web Apps (FWAs) framework

(2022) - A tutorial on using the React JSON Schema Form project by Mozilla to generate web forms using JSON Schema

(2022) - A short tutorial on adding MySQL and PostgreSQL table constraints using JSON Schema

(2022) - A tutorial on generating web forms using JSON Schema and VueJS

(2022) - A tutorial on creating JSON Schema 2020-12 definitions for a fictitious interviewing platform

(2021) - An in-depth guide to JSON Schema

(2021) - A comprehensive introduction to JSON Schema

(2021) - A short introduction to validating JSON documents with JSON Schema in Java

(2020) - An introduction to JSON Schema by example by showing an annotated JSON Schema that validates an example document

(2020) - A tutorial of JSON Schema that discusses validation, documentation and hyperlinking

(2020) - Adding a form using "React JSON Schema Form" and integrating it with Redux and Typescript

(2020) - An introduction to JSON Schema covering its history, common keywords and how to use the AJV validator

(2019) - An short introduction to JSON Schema validation

(2019) - A practical tutorial on expressing JSON Schema table constraints on MySQL

(2017) - An introduction to the Hyper-Schema JSON Schema vocabulary

(2013) - A short introduction to JSON Schema Draft4 validation

A vocabulary defining keywords that can be used to reference values stored in the instance data, the schema data and external JSON data where the dereferenced values serve as input for keywords in a derived subschema

Keywords to annotate JSON documents with hyperlinks. These hyperlinks include attributes describing how to manipulate and interact with remote resources through hypermedia environments such as HTTP, as well as determining whether the link is usable based on the instance value

Applicator keywords that are recommended for use as the basis of other vocabularies

Annotations keywords that indicate that an instance contains non-JSON data encoded in a JSON string

Keywords that are either required in order to process any schema or meta-schema, including those split across multiple documents, or exist to reserve keywords for purposes that require guaranteed interoperability

An annotation keyword defined to allow schema authors to convey semantic information for a fixed subset of values which are accurately described by authoritative resources

An assertion keyword defined to allow schema authors to convey semantic information for a fixed subset of values which are accurately described by authoritative resources

These general-purpose annotation keywords provide commonly used information for documentation and user interface display purposes

Keywords that enable schema authors to apply subschemas to array items or object properties that have not been successfully evaluated against any dynamic-scope subschema of any adjacent keywords

Validation keywords in a schema impose requirements for successful validation of an instance. These keywords are all assertions without any annotation behavior

A vocabulary defining keywords that can be used to validate that arrary instances contain unique values as determined by one or more given paths within each item

AsyncAPI Schemas

This repository contains all the JSON Schema documents for validating AsyncAPI documents

Conda Schemas

Conda file formats and schemas

A schema registry by Intelligence.AI

KrakenD Schemas

This repository contains the source code used to publish KrakenD's configuration schemas

OCSF Schemas

This repository defines the Open Cybersecurity Schema Framework (OCSF) schema. OCSF is a framework for creating schemas and it also delivers a cybersecurity event schema built with the framework

The largest collection of independent JSON schemas in the world meant as a universal JSON schema store, where schemas for popular JSON documents can be found

The Adobe Experience Manager content management solution for building websites, mobile apps and forms supports creating adaptative forms using JSON Schema

Amazon EventBridge Schema Registry has support for JSON Schema, allowing customers to validate, annotate, and manipulate JSON documents conforming to JSON Schema Draft 4 specification

Apiary's interactive documentation is able to render JSON Schema documents associated with payloads

Assertible provides a free-to-use API to validate a JSON document against a JSON Schema and a service to test and monitor web services using JSON Schema

The API Gateway can check that JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) messages conform to the format expected by a web service by validating requests against a specified JSON schema

The Cloudflare makes use of JSON Schema and Hyper Schema to keep track of their API endpoints

The Cloudflare Terraform provider comes with a tool to generate Terraform configuration from existing Cloudflare resources that uses JSON Schema to map data between both technologies

JSON Schema can be configured with the Apache Kafka Java client and console tools to fail if the payload is not valid for the given schema

The Contentstack CMS platform supports creating content types using JSON Schema

The Decisions rules-driven business process automation platform support using JSON Schema to generate JSON deserializers

The DocSpring service to automatically fill out PDF forms supports generating JSON Schema definitions for user-created templates

The Drupal Patternkit module uses JSON Schema to define pattern templates

The Form.io online web form generator supports generating Angular.js forms using JSON Schema

The Genomic Data Commons data model is defined using JSON Schema

The Hackolade data modelling service supports defining entities using JSON Schema

Heroku makes use of JSON Schema to publish machine-readable schema definitions for their public APIs

The open data generated by the Human Cell Atlas describes metadata structure using JSON Schema

The Graphical Data Mapping editor can be used to create and transform JSON messages with the data model defined from a JSON schema

The Informatica data management platform supports creating auto-generated data processor transformations using JSON Schema

JSON BinPack uses JSON Schema to perform space-efficient JSON binary serialization

JSON:API

The JSON:API 1.0 and later specifications for building APIs in JSON use JSON Schema to define JSON:API responses

The JamF Apple enterprise management service supports creating app manifests using JSON Schema

The suite of JetBrains programming editors supports JSON code-completion based on JSON Schema

KrakenD endpoints receiving a JSON object in its body can apply automatic validations using the JSON Schema vocabulary before the content passes to the backends

The Lightblue document based data access layer framework uses JSON Schema to define certain file resources in the project

The Linux kernel uses JSON Schema to define Devicetree bindings

Manfred uses JSON Schema to define their APIs and their open CV format

Microsoft

A collection of JSON Schema definitions used by products and services at Microsoft

MongoDB 3.6 and later support JSON Schema for querying data and defining collection constraints

Mozilla Data Pipeline uses JSON Schema to define telemetry data ingested from Mozilla products and logs from various services

The MuleSoft integration framework supports validating a JSON document against a JSON Schema

MySQL 8.0.17 and later support table constraints to validate a JSON document against a JSON Schema

The Nakadi open-source distributed event bus supports defining event types with JSON Schema

National Cancer Institute

The National Cancer Institute uses JSON Schema to model entities for their Genomic Data Commons collection

NinJS standardises the representation of news content in JSON and maintains a JSON Schema document to help validate NinJS implementations

The OPA policy-based control platform 0.27.0 and newer support statically type-checking Rego policy code using JSON Schema

The Ory Kratos identity & user management product relies on JSON Schema from configuration validation, documentation generation for defining identity schemas

The Postman API platform supports running JSON Schema validation in API tests

RDA DMP Common Standard for machine-actionable Data Management Plans

The RDA DMP Common Standards Working Group maintains JSON Schemas to validate maDMP JSON documents

RESTHeart supports MongoDB schema validation to enforce a format to documents: rules-based validation from MongoDB 3.2 and Json Schema validation from MongoDB 3.6

Remote uses JSON Schema to perform form generation and data validation in their frontend and backend systems

The Retool no-code platform supports generating web forms using JSON Schema

The Serverless framework validates service configuration files using JSON Schema

The Smart Data Models GitHub organization makes use of JSON Schema to describe harmonized Data Models for different Smart Domains

The Snowplow analytics platform support using JSON Schema to define the structure of the data to collect

The SpreadJS JavaScript spreadsheet library uses JSON Schema to describe the SpreadJS JSON data format

TILT (machine-readable privacy policies)

TILT is a transparency information language and toolkit powered by JSON Schema explicitly designed to represent and process transparency information in line with the requirements of the EU General Data Protection Regulation and allowing for a more automated and adaptive use of such information than established, legalese data protection policies do

U.S. Department of Commerce

The National Institute of Standards and Technology uses JSON Schema Draft 7 to model Open Security Controls Assessment Language (OSCAL) JSON documents

Walmart publishes JSON Schema documents for certain resources that developers can make use of when integratting with the Walmart eCommerce platform

Wordpress maintains official JSON Schema documents to help with building block based themes

Zapier

Zapier maintains a large set of JSON Schema definitions that define its platform

The Zuplo API gateway provides JSON Schema validation and supports generating API documentation out of OpenAPI specifications

The nf-core Nextflow analysis pipelines collection uses JSON Schema to define the parameters used by Nextflow workflows

(2023) - Large language models can be exploited to automatically augment JSON Schemas with useful information

(2022) - How "modern" JSON Schema, meaning 2019-09, 2020-12, and later, can solve far more problems than "classical" JSON Schema (draft-07 and earlier)

(2022) - Representing generic types from strongly-typed programming languages with JSON Schema

(2022) - Or: Why object-oriented programming is a mis-matched mental model for JSON Schema

(2022) - A description of adopting and extending JSON Forms, a JSON Schema based form rendering library, to support VueJS and Vuetify

(2022) - An overview of API documentation generation using Hyper Schema and OpenAPI

(2021) - A study of open, closed, and partially-open content models when evolving schemas in a backward, forward, or fully compatible manners

(2021) - A look at API complexity by analyzing entropy of JSON Schema documents

(2021) - Applying the Robustness Principle and increasing schema entropy when making changes to an API

(2021) - This example shows a possible JSON Schema representation of file system mount points as represented in an /etc/fstab file

(2021) - A close look at bundling and de-referencing JSON Schema documents

(2020) - A discussion on how to use JSON Schema to validate input, add precise documentation, auto-fill missing parts, and create graphical user interfaces in the context of scientific applications

(2020) - A proposal for an isolated software layer that translates data between JSON Schema definitions on demand. Translation logic is defined by composing bidirectional lenses, a kind of data transformation that can run both forward and backward

(2020) - An overview of the difference between JSON Schema and JSON-LD, their relationship and the role of Schema.org

(2020) - An update on the additional features implemented in the react-json-schema-form-builder open-source JSON Schema form builder project

(2020) - Setting up PyCharm, IntelliJ, WebStorm, CLion and Rider to have auto-complete, syntax highlighting and validation support of Azure Pipelines workflows

(2019) - Learn how Heroku uses JSON Schema to test and document their Platform API, and how it helped them uncover an unexpected bug, rooted in the way the Oj gem parses Big Decimals

(2018) - How the JSON and JSON Schema standards are defined and how to put them to use in your code and in your APIs

(2018) - An in-depth discussion about using JSON Schema to define collection validation on MongoDB

(2018) - An introduction to the problem of using JSON Schema for data filtering and querying purposes

(2014) - A proposal for a versioning convention for JSON Schema definitions based on SemVer

(2021) - AsyncAPI is an open source initiative that seeks to improve the current state of Event-Driven Architectures (EDA). The AsyncAPI specification supports data modeling using JSON Schema

(2021) - This document introduces an RDF vocabulary for JSON schema definitions. This vocabulary provides a stable namespace IRI for JSON schema keywords, as well as simple axioms, defined against schema.org's meta-model. Various examples on how to use the vocabulary are also introduced, e.g. to annotate schemas with JSON-LD metadata or to embed schema annotations inside RDF graphs

(2021) - The OpenAPI specification embeds and extends JSON Schema for defining API request and responses

(2021) - The RAML specification supports modeling API data using JSON Schema

(2020) - JSON Schema defines the media type "application/schema+json", a JSON-based format for describing the structure of JSON data. JSON Schema asserts what a JSON document must look like, ways to extract information from it, and how to interact with it. The "application/schema-instance+json" media type provides additional feature-rich integration with "application/schema+json" beyond what can be offered for "application/json" documents

(2020) - JSON Schema (application/schema+json) has several purposes, one of which is JSON instance validation. This document specifies a vocabulary for JSON Schema to describe the meaning of JSON documents, provide hints for user interfaces working with JSON data, and to make assertions about what a valid document must look like

(2020) - JSON Pointer is a syntax for specifying locations in a JSON document, starting from the document root. This document defines an extension to the JSON Pointer syntax, allowing relative locations from within the document

(2020) - The Web of Things (WoT) seeks to counter the fragmentation of the IoT by using and extending existing, standardized Web technologies. WoT models data using JSON Schema

(2019) - JSON Schema is a JSON-based format for describing JSON data using various vocabularies. This document specifies a vocabulary for annotating JSON documents with hyperlinks. These hyperlinks include attributes describing how to manipulate and interact with remote resources through hypermedia environments such as HTTP, as well as determining whether the link is usable based on the instance value

(2024) - Covers topics such as writing your own JSON Schema vocabularies, understanding JSON Schema annotations, and hosting your own JSON Schema registries. More importantly, our book teaches you a methodology for effective data management

(2021) - Introduces an approach to measure API complexity by analyzing entropy in JSON Schema definitions

(2017) - A comprehensive overview of the JSON ecosystem, including JSON Schema

(2014) - Learn and Apply JSON Schema by Example, with JavaScript (Node.js) and Python Programs

(2017) - Learn JSON & JSON Schema in a Quick 30-40 minutes & use it for the rest of your life for complex projects

(2017) - An in-depth guide to working with JSON and the JSON ecosystem including using JSON Schema for validation purposes

(2022) - Mads shares the story of bringing JSON Schema support into Visual Studio back in version 2013, the first editor supporting JSON Schema. What's called .Net Core today needed tooling for their "project.json" file, similar to a "package.json" file. JSON Schema ended up playing a key role in the autocompletion and validation infastructure ontop of a basic JSON editor

(2022) - We talk to Suresh Srinivas, Co-Founder at Collate, building OpenMetadata. (Previously engineering leadership at Uber and Founder of Hortonworks.)

(2022) - Jens Neuse, Founder of Wundergraph shares how Wundergraph compiles GraphQL definitions into JSON RPC and create JSON Schema definitions for each JSON RPC endpoint. Input data is validated using JSON Schema at the middleware-level before executing the corresponding GraphQL query

(2022) - David shares the story of using JSON Schema at Zapier to validate and document their intergration payloads, enabling a better developer experience for their 4000+ intergration partners

(2022) - Kin shares the challenges of building a company wide index of data structures (or Schema Registry), aiming to help understand previous, and avoid future, unexpected breaking changes that really impact customers

(2022) - Ben talks to Chuck Reeves, previously at Zones, about how they used JSON Schema to validate data and keep it in a consistent format across their application. Chuck shares how using a public API gateway to validate incoming data saved developers time and compute effort, making sure only valid data was passed downstream to serverless functions or other services

(2022) - Hear the about the journey of organizations that use JSON Schema in production today, and learn about how JSON Schema continues to deliver value

(2021) - In this session you'll learn some key fundamentals, intracacies that even catch out the experienced, and how to develop your own interoperable JSON Schema Vocabulary

(2021) - In this talk, we will cover the keywords, concepts, and patterns for maintaining large schemas or large collections of schemas. We'll tackle problems like how to breakdown and organize schemas, how to bundle schemas, how to make large schemas efficient, how to get better error messages from large schemas, and more

(2021) - An tutorial of performing JSON Schema validation in Postman in API tests

(2021) - Configuring Umbraco on .NET Core with JSON Schema-powered autocompletions for appsettings.json using SchemaStore

(2021) - This episode we sit down with Ben Hutton, the lead behind the JSON Schema community to talk about vocabularies and other ways we validate and annotate how we tell stories we tell in the API space

(2020) - A basic introduction to JSON Schema showing how to auto-generate JSON Schema document from an existing JSON document

(2019) - An in-depth introduction to JSON Schema including auto-generating JSON Schema documents using QuickType.io

(2019) - An introduction to JSON Schema and how to use it in Postman

(2017) - With JSON Schema you are required to define your data and the available tooling to do so is not really great (yet). This presentation provides you with criteria to judge whether JSON Schema could be beneficial for your project or is just too much overhead

(2021) - Thomas Betts talks with Kin Lane about managing your API lifecycle using standards and specifications, including OpenAPI, AsyncAPI, and JSON Schema. These specifications and the tooling based on them can help reduce communication problems, by creating documentation, generating code, and automating testing

(2024) - In this paper, we give the first formal description of Modern JSON Schema, which we consider a central contribution of the work that we present here. We then prove that its data validation problem is PSPACE-complete. We prove that the origin of the problem lies in dynamic references, and not in annotation-dependent validation. We study the schema and data complexities, showing that the problem is PSPACE-complete with respect to the schema size even with a fixed instance, but is in PTIME when the schema is fixed and only the instance size is allowed to vary. Finally, we run experiments that show that there are families of schemas where the difference in asymptotic complexity between dynamic and static references is extremely visible, even with small schemas

(2023) - Meaningful schema information for semi-structured data

JSONoid: Distributed JSON Schema Discovery

(2023) - A tool for distributed JSON schema discovery including many properties of the data

(2023) - Graph neural networks for semantic type detection in JSON

(2023) - Analysis of common defects found in publicly available schemas leading to recommend changes to the spec

(2022) - JSON Schema is an important, evolving standard schema language for families of JSON documents. It is based on a complex combination of structural and Boolean assertions, and features negation and recursion. The static analysis of JSON Schema documents comprises practically relevant problems, including schema satisfiability, inclusion, and equivalence. These three problems can be reduced to witness generation: given a schema, generate an element of the schema, if it exists, and report failure otherwise

(2022) - This paper presents a new streaming algorithm to validate JSON documents against a set of constraints given as a JSON schema. It proves that there always exists a visibly pushdown automaton (VPA) that accepts the same set of JSON documents as a JSON schema

(2022) - Many software tools, but also formal frameworks for working with JSON Schema, do not fully support negation. This motivates us to study whether negation is actually used in practice, for which aims, and whether it could, in principle, be replaced by simpler operators. We have collected a large corpus of 80k open source JSON Schema documents. We perform a systematic analysis, quantify usage patterns of negation, and also qualitatively analyze schemas. We show that negation is indeed used, albeit infrequently, following a stable set of patterns

(2022) - A survey and benchmark of JSON-compatible binary serialization specifications followed by the introduction of JSON BinPack, a novel protocol-independent schema-driven and schema-less binary serialization specification that is strictly-compatible with JSON and takes advantage of JSON Schema formal definitions to produce bit-strings that are space-efficient in comparison to every considered alternative serialization specification

(2022) - This paper proposes an approach for handling implicit schema changes triggered by temporal updates of JSON-based Big Data. More precisely, when a user specifies a temporal JSON update operation that modifies a snapshot JSON component assigning a valid-time timestamp to its new value, the execution of such an operation requires the JSON component to become temporal, which is for all intents a schema change. Thus, a new version of the τJSchema temporal characteristics document is generated, with the addition of a new valid-time characteristic. New versions of the temporal JSON schema and of the temporal JSON document are also accordingly created

(2021) - We present TILT, a transparency information language and toolkit explicitly designed to represent and process transparency information in line with the requirements of the GDPR and allowing for a more automated and adaptive use of such information than established, legalese data protection policies do

(2021) - In this paper, we present an algebraic characterization of JSON Schema, obtained by adding opportune operators, and by mirroring existing ones. We present then algebra-based approaches for dealing with not-elimination and witness generation problems, which play a central role as they lead to solutions for the other mentioned complex problems

(2021) - Efficient dependency mining algorithms for non-relational data

(2021) - Enhancing discovered JSON Schemas by disambiguating data and metadata

(2021) - Discusses JSON Schema canonicalization and JSON Schema instance derivation in the context of property-based testing of APIs

(2020) - Deciding whether one schema is a subschema of another is non-trivial because of the richness of the JSON Schema specification language. Given a pair of schemas, our approach first canonicalizes and simplifies both schemas, then decides the subschema question on the canonical forms, dispatching simpler subschema queries to type-specific checkers

(2020) - In the context of document NoSQL databases, namely those assuming the JSON data format, this paper focuses on several representatives of the existing inference approaches and provide their thorough comparison

(2020) - This paper presents the results of an empirical study of the first generation of tools for checking JSON Schema containment which is applied to a diverse collection of over 230 real-world schemas and their altogether 1k historic versions

(2019) - A first empirical analysis of a curated collection of real-world JSON Schemas. Knowing what real JSON Schemas are like (to borrow from a title of a related study on DTDs) helps practitioners and researchers in making realistic assumptions when building tools for JSON Schema processing

(2018) - Shows how OpenAPI can be extended to add implementation details inside models. These extensions link services to assemblies of components that describe computations. Hence a top-down development process that keeps model and implementation aligned

(2018) - This paper presents an approach that extracts a schema from a JSON or Extended JSON document collection stored in a NoSQL document-oriented database or other document repository. Aggregation operations are considered in order to obtain a schema for each distinct structure in the collection, and a hierarchical data structure is proposed to group these schemas in order to generate a global schema in JSON Schema format

(2017) - Recent years have seen the widespread use of JSON as a data format to represent massive data collections. JSON data collections are usually schemaless. While this ensures several advantages, the absence of schema information has important negative consequences: the correctness of complex queries and programs cannot be statically checked, users cannot rely on schema information to quickly figure out structural properties that could speed up the formulation of correct queries, and many schema-based optimizations are not possible. In this paper we deal with the problem of inferring a schema from massive JSON data sets

(2017) - In this paper we present an example-driven discovery process that generates model-based OpenAPI specifications for REST Web APIs by using API call examples. A tool implementing our approach and a community-driven repository for the discovered APIs are also presented

(2017) - The aim of this article is to demonstrate how JSON Schema, and particularly the JSON Hyper Schema extension, is suitable to describe JSON-based web services that follow the REST architectural pattern

(2016) - This paper proposes a framework called Temporal JSON Schema (τJSchema), inspired by the τXSchema framework defined for XML data. τJSchema allows defining a temporal JSON schema from a conventional JSON schema and a set of temporal logical and physical characteristics. Our framework guarantees logical and physical data independence for temporal schemas and provides a low-impact solution since it requires neither modifications of existing JSON documents, nor extensions to the JSON format, the JSON Schema language, and all related tools and languages

(2016) - In this paper we provide the first formal definition of syntax and semantics for JSON Schema and use it to show that implementing this layer on top of JSON is feasible in practice

(2015) - Rather than designing the schema up front, extracting a schema in hindsight can be seen as a reverse-engineering step. Based on the extracted schema information, we propose set of similarity measures that capture the degree of heterogeneity of JSON data and which reveal structural outliers in the data

(2014) - This article describes a systematic approach to testing behavioural aspects of Web Services that communicate using the JSON data format. To generate random JSON data for populating tests we have developed a new library, jsongen, which given a characterisation of the JSON data as a JSON schema, (i) automatically derives a QuickCheck generator which can generate an infinite number of JSON values that validate against the schema, and (ii) provides a generic QuickCheck state machine which is capable of following the (hyper)links documented in the JSON schema, to automatically explore the web service

(2012) - This paper presents, firstly, a semi-automatic approach to extract schema information from instance data. Secondly, transformations of the derived schemas to different technical spaces are utilized, thereby allowing, amongst other benefits, the application of established integration tools and methods. Finally, as a case study, schemas are derived for Facebook, Google+, and LinkedIn

An online webhook testing tool that is able to generate JSON Schema definitions out of incoming data

An online JSON Schema code-generation utility with diverse programming language support

An online tool that generates JSON schema from JSON documents

An online JSON Schema validator created by the JSON Schema specification lead

A JSON editor and validator desktop application for Windows

An online tool to visualize JSON Schema definitions

An online JSON Schema validator that can generate JSON Schema from JSON documents and generate random JSON documents from JSON Schema

An online JSON Schema validator with support for JSON Schema Draft 3, Draft 4, Draft 6, Draft 7 and Draft 2019-09

JSON Schema CLI

The CLI for working with JSON Schema. Covers formatting, linting, testing, bundling, and more for both local development and CI/CD pipelines

An online JSON Schema validator that supports Draft 04, 06, 07, 2019-09, and 2020-12

Convert a JSON Schema definition between specification versions